Scientific Method Quiz - How Experiments Work

My Career As A Teacher - 1061 Words

This paper gives a background on how I developed as a professional and who was a primary mentor in my life. It delves briefly into my past and explains how I came to be in the military, while also explaining how a certain person was able to contribute to my professional growth. This paper examines my life as I progress from high school student to a NCO (Non-Commissioned Officer) and a few of the challenges I had to endure. Developing a Professional What does being a mentor mean? In my opinion, it means teaching, guiding, and letting a person make small mistakes so they have less of a chance of making a big one. I have been fortunate in my short military career to have many mentors, both great and some not so great. One who has†¦show more content†¦My husband and I split up a few months after graduation and unless I was willing to give up custody of my daughter, I would not be able to join the military. So I made other plans and started working towards a different goal. As fate would have it however, my husband and I reconciled, worked things out and got back together. Two weeks later I was called by my recruiter and was told that a spot had just opened up and I could leave in just a few short days. I decided to go for it and the rest is history. For my first duty station, I was assigned to Mountain Home AFB in Idaho. I arrived there in May 2010 with my husband, daughter, and pregnant with my second child. Shortly thereafter I became a single parent and was learning to develop both as a parent and as an airman. I was fortunate to be working with many wonderful people who might not have understood my situation but were very supportive. Marna was one such person. She was a retired Chief Master Sergeant who had worked in pharmacy all her career and had a wealth of experience under her belt. She became my first mentor and helped teach me more about pharmacy in the military world and the extra duties that came along with it. Whenever I had questions, she would be there to answer them and if she didn’t have the answer, she could help me find the person who did. During my first year at Mountain Home, I had gone through a lot and Marna helped me to focus on the good things and remember that life alwaysShow MoreRelatedMy Career As A Teacher924 Words   |  4 Pagesmost students, I have changed my mind several times about which career to pursue. As a young child I imagined becoming a teacher. I loved helping others learn and discovering new ways to explain ideas. As a teenager I hoped to become a scientist so I could interpret new phenomena through research. The summer before my freshman year of college I bought an old psychology textbook at a bargain bookstore and knew I wanted to be a psychologist after reading the first chapter. My first semester I signed upRead MoreMy Career As A Teacher979 Words   |  4 Pagesvehemently drawn towards a career as a teacher. As we get older, we tend to change our career aspirations from what we dreamed of as a child. For me, the career of choice and indeed my passion continues to be teaching. I have alway s enjoyed being around children and especially younger ones. Combining my passion for teaching and enjoyment of the company of younger children leads me to the belief that I should be an elementary school teacher. â€Å"An elementary school teacher is a person trained to educateRead MoreMy Career As A Teacher898 Words   |  4 Pagestools necessary for taking responsibility of their own learning. I began my career as a teacher at Aptos Academy, a private K-8 school in Aptos, California, where I taught fourth and second grade. While working at the Aptos Academy, I attended California State University Monterey Bay, where I received my Bachelor of Arts degree in Liberal Studies and completed a Multiple Subject Preparation Program. Following this, I received my Masters of Arts degree in Curriculum and Instruction through the UniversityRead MoreMy Career As A Teacher1452 Words   |  6 Pagesyour passion, and make it your career and you will never work a day in your life.† This never rang true to me until I became a teacher. Five years ago I worked as a manager in the financial aid department at a local technical school. Prior to that job I spent 17 years in the business industry in various leadership roles. However, it was not until I completed my Bachelor’s Degree in Business Management and someone encouraged me to pursue my dream of teaching that my world became complete. TheRead MoreMy Career Path For A Teacher Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesgoals of how they want to approach the right career path for them. They also have many different careers to choose from, they just have to find the right career for them. I however have not made up my mind. Right now I am working on obtaining a degree in Early Childhood Education. I haven’t decided whether I want to teach the younger kids or if I want to teach the older ones. After years of developing a passion of teaching, I’ve decided to take on the career of teaching. There are many degrees thatRead MoreMy Goals Of A Career As A Teacher850 Words   |  4 Pagesgirl, I always played to be a teacher, but I never thought that one day being a teacher was going to be my goal. Now, I do not see myself with a different career other than working as a teacher. I like to help people with whatever I can, and I knew that I wanted a career where I can contribute to the community. However, I was not sure what kind of career was ideal for me. During my high school years, I debated between different professions, but thanks to some great teachers that I had, I was able toRead MoreMy Career Path For A Teacher967 Words   |  4 PagesOn October 21, 2015 my cooperating teacher mocked me in front of my class. You see I was the student teacher in a second grade classroom at Charles Olbon Elementary School. After class I went home, locked myself in my bedroom and I started pondering my future and my career path. I thought I would not be a good teacher, why did I choose this career path? I choose this path because my friends and family saw me a teacher, but I guess they do not know the real me. In 2003 at the age of ten yearsRead MoreMy Choice Of Career As A Teacher1372 Words   |  6 PagesProject My choice of career is unique because it’s not just one career but four careers. Now those four careers are teaching, writing, cinematography, and politics. From those four choices I choose teaching. I think it works for me because I’m accountable, caring, innovative, and trustworthy I think those are some of the characteristics of a great teacher. A big question is â€Å"what I think about being a teacher†. Well I have a lot of assumptions both big and small about being a teacher. My main andRead MoreMy Career as a Teacher Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pages As I begin my rewarding career as I teacher, I sit and reflect on what my goals and priorities are in the classroom. I am excited to be engaged in a future career where I can implement my own beliefs and mold the future into something extremely positive. I believe the most important aspects that I want to bring to my students are threefold: I want to educate, motivate, and inspire. In order to have a productive learning environment where I will be able to educate my students, many different factorsRead MoreMy Future Career As A Teacher Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagesbeneficial to my future career as a teacher. I was able to see different strategies or techniques that teachers use in their classroom. This helped me determine strategies that I would want to apply in my future classroom. I was also able to observe strategies that did not work at all. The observations also made it clearer why differentiation in the classroom is important. Out of all the teachers I observed, there was only one teacher who seemed to differentiate instruction. The English teacher I observed

The Tropical Rainforest Free Essays

The tropical rainforest is the biggest and most complexed ecosystem in the world. It holds more than half of the world’s animals and plantlife, Including a huge majority that haven’t even been discovered yet. The rainforest compared to Britain is 30 times larger, covering around 8 million km. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tropical Rainforest or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the forest is destroyed everyday, including animal and plantlife. The forest from above is a vast green quilt of trees, giving off several different shades. From air you can see the emergents, which grow up to around 50m in height, these are accompanied by the canopy, which are 15m lower down. The under canopy’s are 10m in height and the lowest of all are the shrubs and bushes. The ground of the forest is dark and damp, smelling of decaying matter. Long creepers or lianas trail to the ground, entangling themselves in the branches. The forest canopy is described to as the ‘engine’ of the rainforest. This is because, it’s where most of the photosynthesis takes place, and you will also be able to discover all of the forests fruits and animals. The average rainfall of the forest is 2,000mm. All of this rain is called classic convectional rainfall, it falls regularly every day at the same time (throughout the year). 80% of this rain is recycled back up into the atmosphere. The rest of the rain is collected in the rivers and streams which flow back out to the sea. The soils of the rainforest are of a poor quality, this is due to all the leaching that takes place. The soil is very thick, about 20m (60feet). This is because it has been weathered for a long time, with all the heat and wetness. The roots in the trees are found close to the surface of the ground, this is where all of the nutrients are found, from falling leaves. There are two cycles in the tropical rainforest, a nutrient cycle, where the leaves fall and hit the ground to be fed on by the decomposers, and a water cycle, where the rain falls, some of it collecting in the leaves and some of it making it’s way down to the forests floor, and rivers, 80% of it is recycled. In this essay I will be writing about the tropical rainforest. It will consist of 7 different parts including the introduction, the other parts are the location of the forest, the structure and diversity of the forest, forest processes, about slash and burn, other human use of the rainforest, opinions on the forest and the future. The location of the tropical rainforests is the following; inside the tropics, 23.5 degrees north and south equator. South America, Africa and South East Asia. Most of it locating in south America. In Asia it is 0.7% a year, Africa it is 0.3% a year and in Latin America it is 0.5% a year. The tropical rainforest has an incredible amount of diversity about it. The forests cover around 6% of the earth’s land surface. What is diverse about this? Well it’s diverse in lots of ways, not only does it contain no less than half of all the worlds species of plants, animals and insects, but it also has had hundreds of them destroyed (extinct). Because of mans choice to cut down parts of the forest. The forest can be known as a treasure house of resources. The bird life of the forests is unbelievingly profuse, brilliant and melodious. The trees and the forest floor teem with animals that few people have ever seen or even heard of. Many hundreds of fish have been evolved in the forests rivers and streams. The most diverse of all the living things in the tropical rainforest though is the insects, there are many hundreds of thousands, and maybe even about this amount not even discovered. The diversity is also shown by the Indians of Amazonia, with their ability to use more than 1600 pharmaceutical plant extracts. This vast medical potential has only been scratched. Each year 100,000-140,000 square kilometres of forest is destroyed. In a few decades a quarter of the entire world’s store of biological species could vanish into oblivion. This deforestation brings local ruin, flooding, soil erosion and land infertility. World-wide it threatens to change climates, to accelerate global warming. And large areas of former rainforest end up as tough, virtually inedible grass, of no use to man or beast-natures ecological revenge! The loss of new drugs could prove disastrous, because many of the drugs that have not been discovered could well be cures to diseases such as cancer and the common cold. The forest processes are the soil system, rainforest ecosystem and the water cycle. The soil system, where the forests trees shed their leaves and branches. There is a layer of decomposing litter on the surface of the ground. Which is followed by a thin layer of nutrient rich soil. This is where the trees roots take back up all the nutrients. If trees are removed, then the whole nutrient cycle is broken, and all of the existing nutrients are washed away, this is called leaching. Leaving the soil infertile. The next process is the rainforest ecosystem. This is when the precipitation (rain) falls onto the trees leaves, and the suns energy also shines down onto the leaves, this causes evaporation in water vapour. Some of the water seeps through into ground water and surface run-off. The ecosystem is also when the nutrients are recycled, as stated in the soil system. The water cycle is when all the heavy rainstorms fall down on the forests layer of trees, and is evaporated or transpirated. A lot of this is recycled through the rivers, as they carry a lot of it back to the sea. The slash and burn process is a long one. It begins with human activities, as they cut down an area of the forest by hand. Some trees are left standing to protect the soil and if they have fruit and crops growing on them, then they will be left to. The wood is then burnt, destroying the natural seeds which reduces weeding. Ash from the burnt trees is then dug into the soil to provide fertiliser. New crops are the planted (e.g. yams, manioc, cassava). There is less vegetation to cover the ground, which exposes the soil, causing leaching and erosion. The yields then get less each year, mainly after 2-3 years. The farmers move on to clear a plot somewhere else, and start the whole process again. The plot in which the farmers have demolished is now abandoned. And will soon start to re-grow again, but less luxuriant, with fewer and lower species. This is called secondary growth. The ecological balance is restored after about 20 years. There are mainly 4 different other ways in which humans use the forest. (1), there is clearcutting, in which an area of the forest is completely cleared. Only valuable species are taken out and the rest are left and burned. This is a useful source of income. (2), Agroforestry, this is a farming technique that imitates the canopy and ‘layer’ structure of the natural forest by planting trees as well as shorter- lived farm crops. This idea is similar to that of the Indian forest ‘gardens’, but the area does not need to be abandoned for a fallow period. (3), this is biosphere reserve, this is a way of protecting part of the forest by leaving it ‘untouched’ except for research and the collection of materials for plant breeding etc. The protected ‘core’ area is surrounded by a ‘buffer zone’ in which only certain human activities are allowed. The activities permitted will cause little damage to the ecosystem and will stop more demanding activities invading the area. (4), trees for annual crops and timber. The forest is cleared and replaced by stands of tree crops or quick-maturing timber trees. Once the trees grow, they again provide a protective canopy. Humans also use the forest for things such as mining, drugs and research for new drugs, fruits and other forms of food. There’s lots of opinions on the rainforests. ‘Not to exploit and populate an area, is a luxury that people in Brazil cannot afford’. A question is, ‘what is more important man or tree?† This was taken from a former commander of the amazon region. An African farmer said, ‘If you pay me, I’ll happily keep the forest standing. Otherwise I’ll cut it down to make a living.† This is a very true remark, in which I have no arguments about. The farmer has to cut down forest, so he can continue living his life. The Observer and WWF (World Wildlife Federation) ‘not World Wrestling Federation! Wrote a section on the rainforest, which talks about how the forests are so good, yet humans are constantly at war with it. It says, ‘Trees bind the soil to the ground, regulate the waters of life, and manage the climate. They stand at the heart of the world’s religions, and pervade our literature and culture. This is the good news, but the bad news is, ‘Yet we seem to be permanently at war with them. Barely a quarter of the world’s primaeval forests still remain, and they are usually in remote places. Even these are now falling so fast that little of our natural heritage will be left for the next generation. In LEDC’s such as Malaysia, where it has to use the forests resources. The only way to save the forests in the future is to help out the LEDC’s and help them develop, therefore we will be saving the forest. 232,000 kilometres squared of tropical rainforest. The tropical rainforest in central areas and inaccessible areas, this is where urbanisation is destroying the forests. Conclusion; I have discovered some fascinating facts and opinions on the tropical rainforests. I have discovered all about the rainfall, soils, humans use of the forests, the extreme diversity, where the rainforests are to be located, the whole slash and burn process, and what to do in the future. I can now understand why the rainforests are so vital and important to us now and in the future, whether it is to do with drugs and cures, or the research of animals and other living creatures. My opinion is that everyone should try and do something to help in preserving the tropical rainforests. As it is for their own good, and something that has been created in the rainforests could help us in a big way in our futures e.g. a cure for a horrible disease. How to cite The Tropical Rainforest, Papers

International Marketing Strategy and Management

Question: Discuss about the International Marketing for Strategy and Management. Answer: Introduction Komatsu Limited is a Company which holds immense practical experience in the field of production of development and mining gear and diesel motors. The organization outlines and makes apparatus and diesel motors and offers them through various channels and specialists that are situated over the globe. Interbrand positioned the Komatsu Limited brand as number 72 with a brand esteem 5,976$ m. The brand count philosophy concentrates on deciding the part of the brand and the quality that it conveys to the association (Gilligan and Hird 2013). This system is utilized to do moneytary assessments that decide the execution of the brand, inside the business sector. This method uses brand, cash related information, contender data and business division information that can be used to asses a brand and the favorable circumstances that the affiliation can have in placing assets into the brand. Figure 1: Range of products by Komatsu Limited (Source: KOC and Liu, 2014) Komatsu Limited association business method relies on upon three territories that consideration on unrivaled results, best gathering and being an overall pioneer. Transcendent results inside the association are refined through the business system of advantage after capital charge that sureties steady salary inside the affiliation (Gilligan and Hird 2012). This is to guarantee that the organization can deal with its business operations sufficiently. According to the association business arrangement of re-building up qualities and framing the future ensures that the association gives a work environment that ensures the delegates make suitable and gainful usage of advantages that enable the association perform its vision. Increasing Brand Equity for Komatsu Limited Global brands has been conservative in the content marketing always and this has embraced a consumer centric approach for a long time. It would be effective if the industrial brands would make a good territoru for promotion of their products, this may be long time or shorttime. Komatsu Limited has made a movement in its advertising approach that is remarkably taking the brand out into the benchmark (Sidin and Manrai, 2015). In April, it released video of five of its overwhelming machines playing a session of Jenga with 600 pound pieces. However, the brand has discharged another scam video to flaunt the toughness of its cell phone by driving a 4 ton multi-territory loader more than 600 live telephones. Global brand advertising head Renee Richardson said that the organization has dependably had a conventional method, however started a movement in conjecture a couple of years back. An organization like our own has a tendency to be exceptionally conventional, says Richardson. They said they have an extremely solid, notable brand yet they tend to handle themelves in an exceptionally humble way. A couple of years back they reclassified the image to guarantee the set up with the slogan "Worked for It" for influence the brand with more chance (Koc and Liu, 2014). Rather than concentrating fundamentally on authorizing consistence on brand and character guidelines, they needed to encourage more purchaser cooperation and use it to add to the development of the brand. Market Research and Information Statistical surveying methodologies is utilized by directors and pioneers as a part of associations to settle on key choices in regards to items and in taking educated choices in element environment with fluctuating full scale variables (Brady 2014). Statistical surveying can be of subjective or quantitative nature that an organization can receive in its statistical surveying approach. Y McGivern in his article, The act of statistical surveying: a presentation talked about the few subjective systems utilized in leading statistical surveying. The few subjective apparatuses talked about by him are meetings, social gatherings, surveys etc. B.Cova and R.Elliott in their article, All that you generally needed to think about interpretive shopper scrutinize however were reluctant to ask likewise talked about the few subjective strategies and their appropriateness (Morgan and Richey 2016). H. Mc Milan and S. Schumacher in their article, Examination in training: Evidence-based request talked about the different quantitative methodologies that are utilized as a part of statistical surveying. Quantitative strategies as information accumulation and from that point their investigation are talked about in the article. Komatsu Limited is recognized as a universal brand name in building, fabricating hardware and is a pioneer brand. The organization on the premise of statistical surveying has distinguished the need of earth diving hardware in Turkey. The item has significant business sector request and can produce gigantic incomes for the organization. Notwithstanding, Turkey is generally new market subsequently subjective and quantitative exploration was relevant for improvement of the new item class. Turkey is one of the quickest countries in creating economies amongst the MINT nations and rapid researchs has been circumventing the few improvement stimulants. The nation has a stable political and monetary circumstance which is pulling in vast measure of outside ventures. The nation is preferably suited to MNEs to begin their operations. Komatsu Limited has utilized pertinent articles as a part of request to build up another item for its image in universal business sector of Turkey. The exploration included subjective study in regards to the interest crevice in the business sector and quantitative investigation, on premise of the business sector request that could be met by the item. The quantitative statistical surveying helped in evaluating the business sector size and development potential (Andrus, Norvell and Ramnarayan 2015). Though individual statistical surveying has been utilized by the organization to break down the brand quality of Komatsu Limited, client section and attributes in Turkey. Contenders and utilization of computerized advertising to showcase the items was additionally evaluated by subjective examination. Statistical surveying approaches offers organizations with information and noteworthy data that permits them to take critical vital choices. Komatsu Limited in its new item presentation in another global business sector has sent quantitative and in addition subjective information with a specific end goal to yield important key data (Dong, Li, and Tse 2013). The statistical surveying approaches have empowered the organization to build up another item thought and settle on another worldwide nation to enter such that it can essentially be beneficial to the organization. Strategy for targeting market efforts To determine the target market strategy, the starting point would define the problems to understand. This would tinker with the picture of customers and know how to gain value value from the offerings. Komatsu Limited would look internally on the product offerings made by the company so that the specific geographical area can be made effective. For demographic segment, making a message permits the sender to achieve an extensive variety of recipients, while as staying inside the limits of a particular section. Demographic division quite often assumes some part in a division technique. For geographic segmentation, different aspects allows the marketer to appeal for their specific needs of the present location whereas in case of psychographic segmentation, this would encompass on values, personality, and general interests (Sidin and Manrai, 2015). Behavioral sement subdivides the business sector relying upon how shoppers act towards an item. Shoppers carry on contrastingly relying upon the events and the recurrence of the use of an item. Strategy for positioning product segments Positioning is an advertising procedure, which expects to separate a brand in connection to contending brands with a specific goal to gain the market share. It is the demonstration of making the organizations picture and conveying the advantages of the organizations items. Thus, for Komatsu Limited it picks up an unmistakable spot in the market. This should be possible by highlighting the fundamental elements of the brand or through promoting channels. A brand positioning technique is a system for building up customer recognitions, including the organizations qualities and items in contrast with its rivals. By creating POD, the item will turn out to be more alluring to the customer and will be more deliverable by the brand, making it less demanding to separate it from contenders (KOC and Liu, 2014). It is clear that purchasers will contrast a brand in connection with alternate rivals in the commercial center. On the other hand product positioning strategy is the procedure actualized by advertisers to separate items and find the most ideal approach to impart the item credits to the objective market. For example, items can be situated as the most open, strong, solid, reparable, the best quality or the least cost. Conclusion Leung and associates (2005) characterize national society as the qualities, convictions, standards, and behavioural examples of a national gathering. Starting in the no so distant past, most of the business research has been focused on cross-national investigation. In this national society, in perspective of get-together enrolment in a nation state, is used as a get-together variable to contemplate social assortment among countries. In this national culturecentric approach, the complement is essentialist in nature, with adjusted considerations of national society-specifically, that national social orders are consistent in this way lessening social characters inside the nation state is endlessly created. In Ercz and Cratis (2004) comprehensive riodcl culture is proposed to be a multilevel, multiple layered constructionin which the global cultural construct shapes the national culture (i.e. macro level). This in turn shapes rested culture at the organisational as well as group levels (i.e. micro level). Since cultural values are transferred from national cultural construct to an individual, a set of common core values representing heterogenety are also introduced. The culture construct transforms itself into national level culture. Gould and Grein depict ed that culture as an important as well as holistic construct, distinctly different. National culture and place culture related research as a constructivist process of wars and patterns of practices that rae securely rooted in the history of culture itself. Unlike natural culture involves a list of practices that emphasise on meaning, context as well as process. Moreover, a culture related view brings forth a network of communication at the local level where culture itself is created based on lifestyle and personal characteristics. It is defined by the salient features of each community rather than having proposed by hierarchy, as Ercz and Crafti and Leug and colleagues suggest. References: Gilligan, C. and Hird, M., (2013).International Marketing (RLE International Business): Strategy and Management. Routledge. Gilligan, C. and Hird, M., (2012).International marketing: strategy and management(Vol. 17). Routledge. Brady, D.L., (2014).Essentials of international marketing. Routledge. Morgan, T.R. and Richey, R.G., (2016). Developing a Returns Competency: The Influence of Collaboration and Information Technology. InLets Get Engaged! Crossing the Threshold of Marketings Engagement Era(pp. 399-400). Springer International Publishing. Andrus, D.M., Norvell, D.W. and Ramnarayan, S., (2015). Distribution and Sales Management Strategies Related to International Involvement Levels. InProceedings of the 1989 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 465-468). Springer International Publishing. Dong, M.C., Li, C.B. and Tse, D.K., (2013). Do business and political ties differ in cultivating marketing channels for foreign and local firms in China?.Journal of International Marketing,21(1), pp.39-56. Sidin, S.M. and Manrai, A.K. eds.,(2015).Proceedings of the 1997 World Marketing Congress. Springer. Koc, O.T. and Liu, J., (2014). 15 Evolution of the export marketing literature through Cavusgils seminal writings.Research Handbook on Export Marketing, p.334.

Nicholas The Last Tsar Essays - House Of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov

Nicholas: The Last Tsar Nicholas: The Last Tsar In his book, The Last Tsar, Edvard Radzinsky describes a very interesting viewpoint of the life and death of Nicholas Alexandrovich, the last Russian Tsar. Radzinsky's illustration of this ill-fated monarch follows the diaries of Nicholas from their beginning on March 1, 1881, to the final entry on July 16, 1918.1 Radzinsky mainly goes over pre-marital relationship between Nicholas and Alexandra, the medical condition of Nicholas' son, Alexei, and the imprisonment and execution of Nicholas and his family. The relationship between Nicholas II and Alexandra began in 1884. Alexandra, the daughter of Louis IV, the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, a tiny state in Germany, was born in 1872.2 Her grandmother was Queen Victoria of England, her oldest sister married an English prince, her second sister married a Russian Grand Duke and her third sister married a German prince. Nicholas and Alexandra met during the wedding of her second sister, Ella, to Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Alexandra was only twelve and Nicholas was only sixteen, but he stated in his diary that he fell in love with her a first sight. Nicholas' father, Tsar Alexander III, did not approve of Alexandra, because of the fact that she was the granddaughter of the English Queen. Instead, he suggested that Nicholas marry a princess from the House of Orleans. His decision was basely mainly on politics, as he was striving for an alliance between Russia and France. Alexander's suggestion did not have any effect on Nicholas, as he seemed certain to marry his childhood sweetheart, Alexandra. That day came in 1894, when Alexander was on his deathbed, suffering from a kidney disease that he had contracted in a train wreck six years earlier. On April 8, 1894, at the wedding of Alexandra's brother, her and Nicholas were engaged.3 On November 14, 1894, a month after the death of his father Nicholas married Alexandra and officially became the tsar of Russia. Alexei Nikolaevich, the first son of Nicholas and Alexandra was born on July 30, 1904, following the births of four daughters. The problem of who would rule Russia in case of an accident to Nicholas was solved. However, there was a new problem, as Alexei was diagnosed with hemophilia. Hemophilia is a disease that weakened the walls of the arteries so that "any blow or intense pressure can cause the blood vessels to burst and can mean the end."4 Rumours of a holy man, named Grigory Rasputin, however, living in the backwoods of Siberia gave rise to Alexander's hopes that her son's hemophilia could be cured. Rasputin possessed what some called a gift of healing, as he repeatedly healed possibly fatal wounds suffered by Alexei.5 The first time he helped Alexei was when Alexei had suffered a bruise on his leg was in agonizing pain. Rasputin walked to Alexei's bed, grasped Alexei's leg and healed the possibly fatal bruise. There are many stories where Rasputin healed Alexei without physically being there. For example, in 1912, Alexei was suffering from a common cold. When he tried to blow his nose, the blood vessels burst and the blood began to gush. The doctors could do nothing to help. When all hope was fading, they received a telegram from Rasputin. It read "God will help you, be healthy,"6 Nicholas II was forced to end the Romanov rule over Russia after three hundred years, as he forfeited the throne on March 2, 1917 because of the Russian Revolution. However, the people were still so upset with him, that the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies passed a decree the day following the abdication. The Deputies ordered the arrest of Nicholas II and the members of the Romanov dynasty on March 3, 1917. The family and everyone who remained with them were to be isolated from the outside world within the confines of Alexander's Palace, complete with an inside and outside guard. However, soon after, rumours were spreading that claimed the imperial family had escaped to England. Therefore, the provisional government sent the family and their servants to Tobolsk, in Siberia, on July 31, 1917.7 After spending about nine months under heavy supervision, the family was going to be transported to Moscow to stand trial for treason against Russia. However, this plan was only a fake, as the family was never intended to make it to Moscow. The real plan was that the Uralite Bolsheviks would seize the train on its way to Moscow and take the family to the Uralite capital of Ekaterinburg.8 In Ekaterinburg, the family was put in a prison in one of the

Free Essays on The Story Of Virgil

Virgil was born on October 15, 70 B.C.E., in Northern Italy in a small village near Mantua - probably but not certainly the modern Pietole. Virgil was no Roman but a Gaul - the village was situated in what was then called Gallia Cisalpina - Gaul this side of the Alps. Publius Vergilius Maro, or Virgil, grew up to be hailed as the greatest Roman poet. And although his work has influenced Western literature for two millennia, little is known about the man himself. His father was a prosperous landowner, described variously as a "potter" and a "courier", who could afford a thorough education for the future poet. This Virgil received. He attended school at Cremona and Mediolanum (Milan), then went to Rome, where he studied mathematics, medicine and rhetoric, and finally completed his studies in Naples. He entered literary circles as an "Alexandrian," the name given to a group of poets who sought inspiration in the sophisticated work of third-century Greek poets, also known as Alexandrians . In 49 BC Virgil became a Roman citizen. Lucretius influenced his way of thinking, but his early poems were written in the tradition of Theocritus. After the battle of Philippi in 42 B.C.E. Virgil’s property in Cisalpine Gaul, or else his father's, was confiscated for veterans. According to some sources it was afterwards restored at the command of Octavian (later styled Augustus). In the following years Virgil spent most of his time in Campania and Sicily, but he also had a house in Rome. During the reign of emperor Augustus, Virgil became a member of his court circle and was advanced by a minister, Maecenas, patron of the arts and close friend to the poet Horace. Maecenas was twice left in virtual control of Rome when the emperor was away. He gave Virgil a house near Naples. Between 42 and 37 B.C.E. Virgil composed pastoral poems known as BUCOLIC or ECLOGUES ('rustic poems' and 'selections'), spent years on the GEORGICS (literally, 'pertaining to... Free Essays on The Story Of Virgil Free Essays on The Story Of Virgil Virgil was born on October 15, 70 B.C.E., in Northern Italy in a small village near Mantua - probably but not certainly the modern Pietole. Virgil was no Roman but a Gaul - the village was situated in what was then called Gallia Cisalpina - Gaul this side of the Alps. Publius Vergilius Maro, or Virgil, grew up to be hailed as the greatest Roman poet. And although his work has influenced Western literature for two millennia, little is known about the man himself. His father was a prosperous landowner, described variously as a "potter" and a "courier", who could afford a thorough education for the future poet. This Virgil received. He attended school at Cremona and Mediolanum (Milan), then went to Rome, where he studied mathematics, medicine and rhetoric, and finally completed his studies in Naples. He entered literary circles as an "Alexandrian," the name given to a group of poets who sought inspiration in the sophisticated work of third-century Greek poets, also known as Alexandrians . In 49 BC Virgil became a Roman citizen. Lucretius influenced his way of thinking, but his early poems were written in the tradition of Theocritus. After the battle of Philippi in 42 B.C.E. Virgil’s property in Cisalpine Gaul, or else his father's, was confiscated for veterans. According to some sources it was afterwards restored at the command of Octavian (later styled Augustus). In the following years Virgil spent most of his time in Campania and Sicily, but he also had a house in Rome. During the reign of emperor Augustus, Virgil became a member of his court circle and was advanced by a minister, Maecenas, patron of the arts and close friend to the poet Horace. Maecenas was twice left in virtual control of Rome when the emperor was away. He gave Virgil a house near Naples. Between 42 and 37 B.C.E. Virgil composed pastoral poems known as BUCOLIC or ECLOGUES ('rustic poems' and 'selections'), spent years on the GEORGICS (literally, 'pertaining to...

The American approach to sport and physical education in the 20th Essay

The American approach to sport and physical education in the 20th Century - Essay Example Modernization theory is one perspective which explains the change and development in sports. It explains the transformation of cultural plays and games into modern sports. Thus, transformation of sports took place such that traditional games evolved into modern sports (Mechikoff and Estes 1998). The 19th century was also a turning point for women’s sports as women started participating in outdoor sports. Cycling was among the most popular sort among women and women began being seen in a wide variety of sports during the 19th century. Gender and equality factors played a great role in the development of women’s sports. As the 21st century unfolds, women sports team may become ubiquitous in every sport including extreme sports. Jim Thorpe was a great athlete who aided the development of professional as he joined professional sports teams after he lost his Olympic medals. Thorpe brought innovation to the sports he played including football and by creating unique playing strategies he developed the sports. Thorpe has lent many of his athletic tricks to the sports and can be considered as a critical sportsman to have revived the

Insolvency law in United Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Insolvency law in United Kingdom - Essay Example It should be noted that the international assistance for which provision is made by section 426(4) is limited not only in terms of the foreign countries from which requests for such assistance can be entertained, but also in terms of the authorities by which it may be requested and provided. The only form of assistance that can be obtained is on a 'court-to-court' basis: it is not open to an office holder appointed in foreign insolvency proceedings to make a direct, personal request for assistance to an English court, nor to any other person or authority, under the auspices of this statutory provision. Moreover, the ambit of the power to give assistance is narrowed still further, since it is expressed to be exercisable by 'the courts having jurisdiction in relation to insolvency law in any part of the United Kingdom', in response to requests for assistance submitted by 'the courts having the corresponding jurisdiction' in a country or territory which has been designated for this spec ific purpose. It is therefore necessary to determine which courts are qualified to participate in the process, a question whose resolution is partly dependent on the arrangements in force, in the United Kingdom and in the other country concerned, for the allocation of jurisdiction in relation to insolvency law. ... In most cases it is likely that a request for assistance will be addressed to the High Court, as the court endowed with a comprehensive jurisdiction covering both individual and corporate insolvency. However, it should be noted that where the debtor has a residential address, or carries on business, within a County Court insolvency district outside the London Insolvency District or (in the case of a company) has its registered office in such a district outside London, the County Court in question has a jurisdiction concurrent, and also co-extensive, with that of the High Court. In terms of speed, and also cost, there may sometimes be advantages in addressing a request for assistance to the appropriate County Court. (V. Markham Lester, 1995) A literal reading of subsection (4), taken in isolation, might therefore yield the conclusion that the English court has an unconditional duty to provide assistance to courts which meet the stated criteria rendering them eligible to request it. Such a conclusion would be premature however, because subsection (4) itself supplies no indication as to the nature of the assistance which the courts are required to provide. For this, it is necessary to refer to subsection (5), whose full provisions are as follows: For the purposes of subsection (4) a request made to a court in any part of the United Kingdom by a court in any other part of the United Kingdom or a relevant country or territory is authority for the court to which the request is made to apply, in relation to any matters specified in the request, the insolvency law which is applicable by either court in relation to comparable matters falling within its jurisdiction. In exercising its discretion under

Two of Americas Most Wanted and Renowned Serial Killers, Gary Ridgway Essay

Two of Americas Most Wanted and Renowned Serial Killers, Gary Ridgway and Dennis Rader - Essay Example This paper deals with the lives of two of America’s most wanted and renowned serial killers, Gary Ridgway and Dennis Rader. Both of them have caused a great number of grievances and havoc among the people by killing several individuals and were hunted down by the police with an aim to stop murder from taking place. This paper observes a compare and contrast of the lives of these two serial killers, their motives and the way that they went about murdering people. Gary Leon Ridgway and Dennis Rader were both born in the countryside; Ridgeway in Utah and Rader in Kansas, and only have a four-year gap between each other. They both have gruesome nicknames which have made them quite unpopular among the people – Gary is called ‘Green River Gary’, the ‘Green River Killer’ or ‘The Riverman’ whereas Dennis has adorned the nickname of ‘BTK’ or the ‘Bind, Torture, Kill Strangler.’ Both of them have the commonality of strangling their victims and killing them, then dumping their bodies away in order to dispose of them. Both have been subject to life imprisonment without parole and are hated among people for having killed so many people without any reason at all. The police are still trying to understand their reasoning behind the killings. Delving into the personal lives of serial killers always helps a person understand the atrocities of their past and what made them become the way they are in the present. Ridgway had a very troubled childhood because he often witnessed his parents fighting violently with each other. He was dragged into the fight and abused by his mother for whom he began to develop both anger and sexual feelings. (Prothero, Mark; Carlton Smith ) Rader, on the other hand, had a very normal childhood and graduated from high school and then college. As a child, he loved torturing animals and hated them with all his might. He also had a sexual fetish for women’s undergarment s; this was seen in his killings as he often killed women, stole their undergarments and went about wearing them on his own.

The Decision :: Creative Writing Short Story Essays

The Decision The tall man standing at the edge of the Haunted Forest looked directly at Siggford, waved, and disappeared. Perhaps the villagers were right in advising him to take the long route around the forest instead of cutting through it. Siggford hesitated. He could feel the warmth of the morning sun beating on his back. As he brushed his sandy blond hair off his forehead he found he was already perspiring. Watching the dense forest in front of him, he considered his options. He could travel through the forest in a day, or take three days to walk around it. Shaking his head and rolling his eyes he set out towards the forest. He stayed up too late listening to the villager's tales of these woods. Someone probably made up the stories to discourage curious children from wandering off and getting lost in the trees. Entering the forest he felt uneasy, but nothing seemed unusual as he wandered on through the morning. Around noon he found a stream meandering through a clearing where it ended in a pond. The clear water sparkled invitingly in the sunlight. It reminded him of a diamond he'd seen once. He stooped at the edge of the pond and reached in with both hands to cup the water when he realized what had been bothering him all morning. With his hands poised half way between the pond and his mouth, he strained to catch any sound. He could hear the stream running into the pond, but that was all. As he looked up from the pond a chill ran down his spine as he found himself face to face with the biggest man he'd ever seen. Now why would he call that creature a man? True, it stood on two feet and had hands and a face which resembled a man, but that thing was not a man. It was covered in matted brown fur from head to foot with what appeared to be blood strewn liberally throughout its body. It smelled like a dead animal. Its mouth was closed, but two sharp teeth stuck out over its lower lip. The black eyes stared at Siggford, but they held no thought. Only emotion. It leaned back its head and howled a howl that shook the ground. Or was it just Siggford who was shaking? Before he could move, or even react, the creature grabbed his arm and started pulling him out of the clearing and back through the forest.

What Does Enlightened Self-Interest Involve?

Enlightened self interest is actually a viewpoint in principles which states that people who act to advance the interest of others eventually they provide their own self interest. It is simply articulated by the certainty that a person, group and even business entity will at all times do well through the doing good. Enlightened self interest in one way or the other is considered to be so unrealistic. Enlightened self-interest as well it has implications for long-term reimbursements as opposed to short-term reimbursements to oneself. When a person pursues enlightened self-interest the individual possibly will surrender short-term interests so as to take full advantage of long-term interests. A person might sacrifice his instant self-interest for the purpose of an affirmative relationship towards a group of people to which he relates (Robert, 45). Enlightened self interest is totally different from pure altruism which calls for individuals to perform in the concern of others frequently at the expense of their own welfare and with no hope of gain for themselves in the prospect. Some supporters of progressive self-interest may argue that pure unselfishness tends to promote inefficiency also. Some people may benefit materially from philosophy of greed but it is supposed by proponents of progressive self awareness that these people constitute a small minority and that the great number of people can be expecting to experience a net individual failure from a philosophy of uncomplicated unenlightened selfishness. Enlightened self interest clearly states that a big business is in due course assisting itself through helping to resolve communal problems. Advocates challenge that social dependability expenditures by business are motivated through the profit that they make.

Free Essays on Taylorism

Modern History Sourcebook: Frederick W. Taylor: The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 Frederick W. Taylor was a mechanical engineer whose writings on efficiency and scientific management were widely read. The founder of "systems engineering," the selection below is from a collection of his essays published in 1911. The essays were translated into several languages, giving his ideas an influence around the world INTRODUCTION PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, in his address to the Governors at the White House, prophetically remarked that "The conservation of our national resources is only preliminary to the larger question of national efficiency." The whole country at once recognized the importance of conserving our material resources and a large movement has been started which will be effective in accomplishing this object. As yet, however, we have but vaguely appreciated the importance of "the larger question of increasing our national efficiency." We can see our forests vanishing, our water-powers going to waste, our soil being carried by floods into the sea; and the end of our coal and our iron is in sight. But our larger wastes of human effort, which go on every day through such of our acts as are blundering, ill-directed, or inefficient, and which Mr. Roosevelt refers to as a lack of" national efficiency," are less visible) less tangible, and are but vaguely appreciated. We can see and feel the waste of material things. Awkward, inefficient, or ill-directed movements of men, however, leave nothing visible or tangible behind them. Their appreciation calls for an act of memory, an effort of the imagination. And for this reason, even though our daily loss from this source is greater than from our waste of material things, the one has stirred us deeply, while the other has moved us but little. As yet there has been no public agitation f... Free Essays on Taylorism Free Essays on Taylorism Modern History Sourcebook: Frederick W. Taylor: The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911 Frederick W. Taylor was a mechanical engineer whose writings on efficiency and scientific management were widely read. The founder of "systems engineering," the selection below is from a collection of his essays published in 1911. The essays were translated into several languages, giving his ideas an influence around the world INTRODUCTION PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, in his address to the Governors at the White House, prophetically remarked that "The conservation of our national resources is only preliminary to the larger question of national efficiency." The whole country at once recognized the importance of conserving our material resources and a large movement has been started which will be effective in accomplishing this object. As yet, however, we have but vaguely appreciated the importance of "the larger question of increasing our national efficiency." We can see our forests vanishing, our water-powers going to waste, our soil being carried by floods into the sea; and the end of our coal and our iron is in sight. But our larger wastes of human effort, which go on every day through such of our acts as are blundering, ill-directed, or inefficient, and which Mr. Roosevelt refers to as a lack of" national efficiency," are less visible) less tangible, and are but vaguely appreciated. We can see and feel the waste of material things. Awkward, inefficient, or ill-directed movements of men, however, leave nothing visible or tangible behind them. Their appreciation calls for an act of memory, an effort of the imagination. And for this reason, even though our daily loss from this source is greater than from our waste of material things, the one has stirred us deeply, while the other has moved us but little. As yet there has been no public agitation f...

Introduction to Sociology and Political Sciences Essays

Introduction to Sociology and Political Sciences Essays Relationship Between China and Hong Kong Introduction to Sociology and Political Sciences Mid-term paper Name: Student ID: 81200158 Word count: 4337 words Topic Discuss the relationship between Hong Kong and mainland using concepts introduced in this course. Introduction Hong Kong, located at the southern coastal of China, fully shows the diversification of culture, with a mix characteristics of different backgrounds. Hong Kong is currently under the rule of the PRC as a special administrative region, with the practice of One country, two system. Hong Kong exercises capitalism under the rule of the British government and thus continues its practice after the handover. Hong Kong is closely located to mainland, showing her essential role in the economic coordination. The number of cross-boundaries cooperation has been increasing steady, and today, Hong Kong and mainland develops an inseparable relationship in terms of political, economical and social aspect. Content I.Political Aspect One Country, Two Systems Article 23 Freedom of Speech, Expression and Press II.Economical Aspect Opportunities Provide Professional Financial Services CEPA Mainland as the Provider of Cheap Labor and Resources Logistics and Importance in Re-export Threats Competition with Shanghai III.Social Aspect Mainland-Hong Kong conflicts Parallel Imports Activities Mainland Immigrants Mainland Mothers Giving Birth in Hong Kong Cross-boundary School Kids Overheating in Property Market Identity Problems Chinese Identity and Hong Kong Identity Cultural Similarities I.Political Aspect One Country, Two Systems The idea of One country, two systems was first proposed by Deng Xiao-ping in 1978, the leader of the Chinese Communist Party at that time. As Hong Kong was ruled with the capitalist system under the rule of the British government, while Mainland China being ruled with the socialist system. Before the handover, rumor spark off saying Hong Kong was expected to operate under socialist system, thus lead to social unrest, as the public was afraid to lose their private property rights. As to settle the rumor, the Chinese Communist Party proposed the One country, two systems, which was expected that the idea could efficiently minimized the difference in political system after the handover. Chapter 1, Article 5 of the Hong Kong Basic Law, the constitutional document of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, reads The socialist system and policies shall not be practiced in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years. (i.e. 2047) The establishment of the special administrative region is authorized by the Article 31 of the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China, which states that the State may establish SARs when necessary, and that the systems to be instituted in them shall be specific conditions. After the handover on 1 July 1997, the HKSAR was formally established, with her sovereignty returned to the Mainland. Since then, Hong Kong has been given high degree of autonomy, where she will be responsible for her domestic affairs, including judiciary and courts of last resort, immigration and customs, public finance, currencies and extradition. However, diplomatic relations and national defense are the responsibility of the Central Peoples Government in Beijing. Though the system was said to ensure Hong Kong could enjoy her autonomy, it was believed that the Central government in Beijing has been eventually spreading her power to interfere the politics in Hong Kong trough the leftist. It was generally believed that Hong Kong no longer enjoys her autonomy as she used to be, while more restriction has been posted on different institutions. For instance, the proposals in Article 23 of Basic Law, Hong Kong 818 incident and the vote rigging issue in the District Council elections. Article 23 The proposals in Article 23 of the Basic Law in 2003 have been withdrawn due to mass opposition. The Article is the basis of a security law proposed by the HKSAR government, reads The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies. In other words, the government plans to enact laws to protect her national security, which was considered as a threat that invading the publics right. In mid 2002, the Vice Premier

Financial Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Statement - Essay Example The vehicles are not a part of the operations for the next three years. The furniture and fixtures are depreciated at a useful life of five years. Equipments are depreciated at four years of useful life and building is also the part of the balance sheet for the first 3 years. The company will invest in buildings once the brand is known to the consumers. The account of reserves of bad debts are to be increased at the rate of five percent of the reserves of bad debt accounts of the previous year. The increase in the cash in hand, cash at bank and accounts receivable is estimated to increase with an average rate of five percent that are subjected to the projected estimates for the revenues. The projections of the sales of the company vary according to the seasonal changes due to which there is a fluctuation in the sales volume of the company on the basis of its monthly accounts. Looking at the cash flow of the company it can be noted that the company does not announced to pay off any of dividends or any additional cash against its current assets, borrowings or long-term assets. It can also be noted that the inflow of the cash relies on the sales of the company. Hence, it can be noted that the cash from the operations of the company and the outflow of the cash is mainly focused to the payments of the utilities, bills and cash spending (AASB 139 Financial instruments: recognition and measurement. 2014).   The company does not intend to create reserves for earnings or dividends to its shareholder.

The Impact of the differences between the United Kingdom, United Dissertation

The Impact of the differences between the United Kingdom, United States of America and the European Union Copyright Laws - Dissertation Example It also gives rights granted to the musician on his piece of work. He has a right to restrict any derogatory action on his music. He also grants the rights of reproduction, lending and distribution of his music among others. The various remedies granted to the musician in case of a person infringing the copyright are also discussed. It also looks on the need for copyright education and the need for future and managerial decisions for musicians. A comparison on the copyright protection laws shows that the application of these laws in terms of the moral rights, copyright infringement and remedies for infringement is similar in the US, UK and in the EU. The difference, however, lies in the duration of the copyright protection as outlined above. This study also outlines the impacts of these laws on the musicians. The impacts can be generally categorized as social impacts, cultural impacts, economic impacts, moral impacts, administrative impacts among others. A recommendation on the appli cation of copyright laws is also given. Among the recommendations given include copyright registration by musicians, copyright monitoring and evaluation policies, need for copyright education and provision of music at reasonable prices. ... he Impact of the differences between the United Kingdom, United States of America and the European Union Copyright Laws for Sound Recording on Musicians. Introduction A copyright refers to property right or a legal concept granted by most governments to the creator of an original work giving him exclusive rights over the property for a limited time. In the UK copyright, protection in sounds recording and broadcasts exists for 50 years2. This is in relation the end of the year when it was produced. The copyright must be in the protection of an expressed idea. Copyright over property arises automatically and hence it is not necessary to register. The copyright grants the original composers certain economic and moral rights over their work. A copyright protects the following works: original musical works, sound recordings, films original artistic works, original dramatic works, broadcasts among others. 3Sound recordings or phonorecords refers to the mechanical inscription and recreation of sound waves such as singing, instrumental music, spoken voice or sound waves. Sound recording include both analog and digital recording. There are four different kinds of copyrights to be considered in the case of sound recording. They include; copyright of the composer, copyright of the producer of the record, copyright of the performer and copyright of the tester if any4 . According to the copyright acts of 1976, Copyright on the music in the USA initially belongs to the composer5. It is mandatory to have the first page with a copyright notice of the music or on the title page which should consist of the symbol  © or the year it was first published and the publisher’s name. Before posting the composition on the internet or doing the first public performance the copyright should be

Time extension under FIDIC 1999 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Time extension under FIDIC 1999 - Essay Example It also includes details of operations like payments and specific works to be done in the contract. Due to the fact that the construction contract comes with numerous elements which define the contractors tender, employers letter of acceptance, contract agreement, contract conditions and technical details2, it is prone to numerous issues that can affect its interpretation. This include misunderstanding, conflict and other disputes. In order to minimize these problems, FIDIC has a set of standardised rules and regulations that control the operation of construction contracts. The 1999 FIDIC Red Book sets out provisions for continuity of projects, encouragement of of constructive relationships and provisions for dealing with uncertainties3. Clause 20.1 provides an important guideline on how claims can be made and it regulates the relationship between Employers and Contractors on making claims for further payments and time extensions amongst other things4. Clause 20.1 states that: â€Å"If the Contractor considers himself to be entitled to any extension of the Time for completion and/or any additional payment, under any Clause of these conditions or otherwise in connection with the contract, the Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer describing the event or circumstances giving rise to the claim. The notice shall be given as son as practicable, and not later than 28 days after the Contractor becomes aware or should, after the contractor becomes aware, or should have become aware of the events or circumstances† This clause attempts to create a timeframe within which Contractors must report issues relating to time constraints need for further payments and other issues. This is necessary because there is the need for some kind of order to ensure that Employers and Contractors needs are respected and there is no indefinite right for Contractors to come back with their demands and requests for time

Gays Adopting Children Essay Example for Free

Gays Adopting Children Essay Society is a flexible structure. Only this way it can serve the best way for its members. Democratic process is aimed to increase the rights of its citizens. Nowadays the theme of sexuality becomes an important social issue. Recognition of rights of homosexuals is an important process, which signifies that a lot of people are ready to express freely their sexual preferences and are ready to fight for their rights. Legalization of homosexual marriages and the right of such couples to adopt children is an important and controversial issue of our time. â€Å"Researchers estimate that the total number of children nationwide living with at least one gay parent ranges from six to 14 million† (Gottman, 105). At the present moment many countries legalized the right of lesbian and gay couples to adapt children. Such countries as Andorra, Belgium, Guam, Iceland, the Netherlands, Sweden, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom. It is also legal in some separate parts of the Australia, Canada and the United States. In the United States of America 22 states allow lesbian and gay couples to adopt children. The issue is so burning because for homosexual parents adopting becomes the only way to have a child. Even the artificial insemination can not be applied in all cases. First of all this method can be used only for lesbian couples. In addition another spouse form the couple has to adopt a child in order to become his legal parent. For gay couples this method can not be applied. In addition, adopting is a right of each person. That is the reason the question is more important than just an opportunity for homosexual couples to have children. In April 2001 Holland enlarged the definition of marriage and enabled the people of the same sex to get married. Same did Belgium in 2003. The next was Canada. Same sex couples can get married in San Francisco since February 12 of the 2004, because of an action by their mayor. The question of the legislation of homosexual marriages becomes more and more burning and needs a deep survey. There are a lot of reasons against same sex marriages. One of the reasons is that homosexual marriages contradict the tradition. The idea of homosexual marriages threats the very idea of the sanctity of the marriage. The term marriage should refer to a loving relationship between man and woman. The institution of marriage considers the union of two adults of different sex living together. For centuries the marriage was considered just between the people of the opposite sex and by now the marriage of the people of the same sex can be wrong on an evolutionary scale (Coolidge, 1997). People don’t have much faith in the marriage institutions now and the legislation of the heterosexual marriages can weaken this faith. In addition, if the homosexual marriages are legalized to protect the freedom of human why there should be other restrictions for the marriages such as marring the relative or the age of getting married? So called domino effect can cause the demand to cancel all kinds of restrictions on the marriages. If the marriages between the people of the same sex can be accepted like a demonstration of the free will of the individuals, why can’t be accepted the marriage between the brother and the sister or other close relatives? In the case of legalization of homosexual marriages we speak only about the rights of homosexual people. The issue becomes much more complicated when it comes to adopting children. In this case the rights of both, homosexual parents and the rights of adopted children should be considered. Since children are not able to express their own will during the process of adoption, the society must make an important choice deciding on the rights of children. From the other hand it is necessary to mind the right of homosexual couples, who also have their rights and desires. There are many arguments pro and contra adopting children by homosexual couples. Those who stand for giving homosexual couples this right state that all people must have rights to adopt children. If both parents are able to give their child all normal conditions for living, there is no reason to ban homosexual parents to adopt children. Those, who are against this right, state that homosexual couple will not be able to provide normal life conditions for children. In this case the question about â€Å"normality† arises. Social norms are expanded with each year. Homosexual relations, which were considered sinful and even criminal several centuries ago, become a social norm nowadays. This means that the meaning of â€Å"normal† family structure and â€Å"normal† life conditions can also be transformed with the flow of time. Those, who support an idea to give the right of adopting to homosexual couples state that many children wait for adoption and giving this right to homosexual couple would help to improve the situation. In addition specialists, who stand for the legalization of the right of homosexual couples to adopt children state that only small number of children from heterosexual families have normal life conditions. â€Å"Most children in the United States do not live with two married parents. In fact, according to the 2000 census, only 24% homes were composed of a married mother and father with children living at home. † (Green,1978, p. 19) In the case with homosexual family the children will have two parents, even if they are of the same sex. In â€Å"normal† families children often have only one parent. The proponents of legalization of adoption give data, which proves that children, grown up in one-parent and homosexual families, have same level of emotional and social adaptation as children from heterosexual families. This means that homosexuality of parents has little effect on the development of a child. As state specialists, children are more influenced by their relations with their parents and social surrounding than by the sexual orientation of their parents. Even the American Association of Paediatrics agreed with this opinion and supported the legalization of adoption. In addition, if we turn to legal issues, there is no official reasons to ban homosexual couples to adapt children. There is no special amendment in the Constitution, which would deny gay and lesbian couples their rights to adopt children. Most courts, which should make a decision concerning adopting, are be driven by the interests of a child. It is evident that for children having non-traditional family with loving parents is much better than not have any. If sexual orientation of parents has little impact on the living conditions of their children, homosexuality of parents should not be an obstacle for adopting of a child. There are no serious objections, which would prove that gay and lesbian couples will make bad parents. â€Å"Home environments with lesbian and gay parents are as likely to successfully support a childs development as those with heterosexual parents† (Schelberg, Mitnick 2006) Specialists state that here is not connection between sexual orientation and parenting skills. This means that homosexual people can be perfect parents, same as heterosexual people can be bad ones. In addition there is a legal controversy, concerning the right to adoption. Legally, even single parents have right to adopt children. Here arises a kind of controversy since one person can adopt a child but he or she can not do the same thing if he has a spouse of the same sex. Those, who stand against the legalization of homosexual’s right to adopt a child give their arguments in order to support their position. They state that homosexual environment can have an extremely negative effect on child’s development. Some researches (Golombok, Tasker) state that children, raised by homosexual parents, are more likely to adopt same patterns of sexual behaviour. In other words children, raised in homosexual families have more chances to become homosexuals as well. As Golombok and Tasker state: â€Å"by creating a climate of acceptance or rejection of homosexuality within the family, parents may have some impact on their children’s sexual experimentation as heterosexual, lesbian or gay† (Golombok, Tasker, 1993, p. 124). According to their opinion homosexual couples should not be giving a right to adoption. Sexuality is not only personal affair. It’s also social phenomenon society has to deal with. Woodhorse talks about the fortification of gender roles and restrictions to this roles brought to the social culture by transvestites. He believes that cross-dressing and transvestites make a potential danger for the society as it can lead to the displacement of gender categories and gender roles. On a social and cultural level the two groups (male and female) are equally restricted. (Woodhouse,1996, p. 117). The marriage is an institution aiming to create a family first of all and the family presumes giving birth to children. Homosexual marriage create no opportunities for natural reproduction. Modern science gave people opportunities to have children even in the same sex marriage but a number of problems appear. It’s commonly known that men and women are equal creatures and have same rights and obligations but they are not identical and usually presume different models of behavior, models of reactions and thinking. A lot of research made by scientists proves that the child needs both – a mother and a father to become a full personality (Donovan, 2001). There are some things during the upbringing which can be taken only from women’s or only from men’s behavior patters. The children raised in the homosexual families will not have the opportunity to see both –female and male behavioral patters, which can cause serious problems for their future life. In addition the children raised in a homosexual surrounding are more probably to pick up same lifestyle in the future and to copy the model of homosexual relationship. Another problem the children from the homosexual families can and most probably will come across is an attitude of the surrounding. The children can meet a social hostility from the very beginning of their social interaction due to their family background which can make more difficult the social adaptation in the future (Stone 2006). A lot of homosexual couples meet social and religious disapproval but they have chosen their type of behavior themselves and must be responsible for their decisions. The children raised in the homosexual families do not have this choice. Negative attitude of the church to same sex marriages can create additional problems for children. Another problem appears with the children, adopted by gay couples. The patters of family behavior, which are presented in homosexual families, are very different from patterns, peculiar to heterosexual families. This issue is very important since children most probably will adapt the type of relations they see in their family. Homosexual relations usually are thought to be not traditional ones and talking about sexuality in this type of relations is difficult due to the multiple variations of these relations. There are a lot of distinctions between homosexual and heterosexual relationships. Complementary nature of the most heterosexual relations is not so evident in homosexual ones. In most of the homosexual relations there is a division, which is expressed more directly in heterosexual relations. In homosexual relations two people take different roles. Usually, in both, female and male homosexual relationship there are active and passive partners. The roles may change but usually the division to active and passive partner is saved and this relation is usually transmitted to other spheres of life of the couple. Passive partner usually takes female roles in sex and everyday behaviour. An active partner plays the role of the man accordingly. There are derivations in the models of homosexual relations. Tapinc (1992) distinguishes four additional models of homosexual relations. In the first model both males are homosexual. This is one of traditional homosexual models. â€Å"The homosexual mail pair consists of the erastes and the eromenos, ‘lover’ and ‘beloved’; we can infer an active/passive division, but strictly speaking these are not examples of inserter/receptor terminology. (Norton, p. 2002 5) Homosexual male relations are rarely monogamous. Journal of Sex Research made a study of the sexual profiles of 2,583 older homosexuals. â€Å"Research found that only 2. 7 percent claimed to have had sex with one partner only. Research elsewhere indicated that only a few homosexual relationships last longer than two years, with many men reporting hundreds of lifetime partners† (Bozett 1993, p. 112). This way if homosexual parents get an opportunity to adopt children, this most probably will result in the transformation of the role and functions of family. Children, grown up in such untraditional families with untraditional family values, will use this model in their future families. This may result in the increase of the families with untraditional family values. Possible consequences of this phenomenon are very hard to predict. To sum up, there are many reasons for and against adopting children by gay and lesbian couples, There is no one definite opinion concerning this issue. The debates concerning this subject are hold in several spheres, such as religions, social and political ones. A lot of important factors should be considered in order to take a right decision concerning this issue. Adopting concerns the rights of both – children and homosexual couples and decision should the best way serve to the interests of both sides. References 1. Atlanta Journal-Constitution, (2002, Oct 4). NA. Retrieved February 19, 2008, from Database. Gale Power Search. 2 . Bailey, J. M. , Bobrow, D. , Wolfe, M. Mikach, S. (1995), Sexual orientation of adult sons of gay fathers, Developmental Psychology, 31, 124-129; 3. Bozett, F. W. (1987). Children of gay fathers, F. W. Bozett (Ed. ), Gay and Lesbian Parents (pp. 39-57), New York: Praeger; 4. Coolidge, David Orgon, (March 1997). Same-Sex Marriage? Baehr v. Miike and the Meaning of Marriage, South Texas Law Review, 38:1-119 5. Davidson, Arnold (1987) ‘Sex and the emergence of sexuality’, Critical Inquiry, 14 (Autumn), 16-48, reprinted in 6. Stein, Edward (ed. ), Forms of desire (1992, 1990), 89-132. 7. Donovan, (2001,Sept 14). Judge upholds Florida ban on gay adoption. National Catholic Reporter, p. 37, 39. 8. Gay rights. The Advocate, (2002, April 30). p. 18(1). 9. Gottman, J. S. (1991), Children of gay and lesbian parents, F. W. Bozett M. B. Sussman, (Eds. ), Homosexuality and Family Relations (pp. 177-196), New York: Harrington Park Press; 10. Golombok, S. , Spencer, A. , Rutter, M. (1983), Children in lesbian and single-parent households: psychosexual and psychiatric appraisal, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, 551-572; 11. Green, R. (1978), Sexual identity of 37 children raised by homosexual or transsexual parents, American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 692-697; Huggins, S. L. 12. Lewin, Tamar (2001, August 31). Court backs Florida ban on adoption by gays. The New York Times, p. A14 13. Stone, Andrea (2006, Feb 21). Drives to ban gay adoption heat up. USA Today, p. 01A. 14. Schelberg, Neal S. and Carrie L. Mitnick, (2004). Same-Sex Marriage: the Evolving Landscape for Employee Benefits,

Overview Of Community Health Nursing Health Essay

Overview Of Community Health Nursing Health Essay The field of community health nursing has evolved through four distinct stages. The early home care nursing stage dates back to before the mid-1800s. During this stage, nursing and religion were closely related. Religious groups took on the roles and responsibilities of caring for those in need of healthcare. The first representation of nursing was apparent in 1617 with the Sisters of Charity. They were a religious group primarily composed of nuns. The main focus of these women was to direct their care towards the sick poor population. They wanted to help those who were ill but were unable to access proper care. They would visit the sick at their homes and provide any necessary treatment. Following the successful actions of the Sisters of Charity, community health nursing was temporarily put on hold. The setback was due to the Reformation and the Industrial Revolution. These major historical events lead to fewer religious groups and an increase in epidemics. Infant mortality rates, m ental illnesses, communicable diseases, and work related injuries were on the rise. During these miserable living conditions, Florence Nightingale became noticed for her improvements in nursing care. Her work during the Crimean War greatly impacted the direction of community health nursing. She saved many lives by controlling the spread of infectious disease. She was the first leader of health prevention and health promotion (Allender Spradley, 2005). The district nursing stage occurred from the mid-1800s to 1900. William Rathbone largely impacted this stage. His wife benefited from a home health nurse while she was sick. He decided to hire the nurse that cared for his wife to work in the community and provide care to all poor individuals as necessary. Due to insufficient sanitation and unsafe working conditions, the need for nurses in the community was very demanding. Therefore, William Rathbone hired many more nurses to work in the community. In 1861, Rathbone founded the first training school for visiting nurses. Once the nurses completed their education, they were sent out to work in a specific district in the community. These nurses were responsible for taking care of the poor and teaching them proper hygiene and health-related habits. They taught new mothers how to prevent infant diarrhea to reduce the risk of infant mortality. This area of nursing gained more attention from the government and became financed from public mon ey instead of from religious and charitable donations (Allender Spradley, 2005). The public health nursing stage took place between the years of 1900-1970. The nurse role extended beyond treating only the poor; therefore, Lillian D. Wald coined the term public health nursing. These nurses worked outside of the traditional hospital settings and were required to treat the general population. There were many different areas for nurses to provide their care in the public; such as, infant welfare, venereal disease control, school health, and mental health programs. In 1903, Robert Koch proved that tuberculosis is communicable. This discovery led to more nurses working in tuberculosis clinics trying to minimize outbreaks. Nurses were responsible for teaching the public in the hopes of promoting healthy habits and preventing illness. Wald began implementing policies, laws, and standards within the public to improve the health of the population. In 1912, she founded the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. The career path was gaining popularity and finally co nsidered a respectable profession (Allender Spradley, 2005). The community health nursing stage is the final stage. It began in 1970 and presently exists. It is difficult to distinguish between the public health nursing stage and the community health nursing stage. The two terms are very similar and used interchangeably. Community health refers to all nurses who practice in the community. They may not necessarily focus on public health practices; such as, health promotion and prevention. Community health nurses were seen working at senior centres, community-health clinics, doctors offices, schools, and occupational environments. They began working in collaboration with many other health professionals; such as, physicians, physiotherapists, social workers, and nutritionists. Community health nursing has advanced significantly throughout the past century (Allender Spradley, 2005). The field of community health nursing is very diverse. The current practice of community health nursing includes primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. A community health nurse may work for an official public health agency concentrating on primary prevention. They may work towards implementing policies; such as, a smoke-free Ontario. They can organize programs within the community to educate the public; such as, participACTION, fall prevention, and well baby program. These nurses can work in occupational settings trying to prevent work-related injuries. They may also be seen working for telephone help lines where they give advice and referrals for those who need assistance. An important mechanism of primary prevention is vaccination clinics. The goal of primary prevention is to prevent illness from occurring in the first place. The purpose of secondary prevention is to diagnose illness as early as possible. Nurses can work for screening clinics and help wi th early treatment plans. Tertiary prevention aims to provide the community with rehabilitation facilities. Nurses can have important roles promoting and maintaining good health (Stamler Yiu, 2005). Community health nursing is a very valuable nursing specialty. There have been many successes leading to positive outcomes for communities around the world. A current strength is giving vaccinations. Vaccinations are extremely important in preventing serious illness. They save the health care system significant amounts of money each year by preventing disease. Vaccinations have completely removed certain diseases that were once considered fatal. A second strength is the maintenance of sanitary living conditions which reduce the risk of spreading infectious diseases. A third strength is the multiple programs organized through public health agencies. There are education programs that create awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and prompt treatment with medication. Other programs promote the use of seat-belts, car seats, and helmets, causing motor-vehicle related injuries to drastically reduce. Public health nurses have helped reduce the amount of deaths related to cardiovascular accidents by encouraging smoking cessation and running blood pressure clinics. There are nurses who have promoted healthy eating to reduce diseases related to malnutrition; such as, rickets. Public health nursing has created a safer and healthier community (Thornbory, 2009). There are three main challenges in the field of community health nursing. The first challenge is that there is a lack of evidence based research to guide the practice and form new policies. The majority of current research studies are used to guide nursing practice within the hospital setting but not within the community setting. There is a very minimal amount of objective data and statistics within community-based research. The problem associated with lack of scientific research is that it creates a communication barrier. It makes it almost impossible to create new policies. A second challenge is related to policy implementation. Nurses can spend a great deal of time explaining to the public why it is important to exercise and eat healthy, but education is not enough. The environment plays a large role and impedes much of what nurses try to educate (Thornbory, 2009). For example, public health nurses can encourage children to eat fruits and vegetables but the school cafeteria only s ells junk food. Policies can be created to make fruits and vegetables more affordable but there are more fast-food restaurants than grocery stores. The third challenge is avoiding ethical dilemmas. A community health nurse may be responsible for providing care to an individual while simultaneously protecting the health of the community. It is possible that these two obligations may come into conflict with one another and the nurse is left with a tough decision. For example, a nurse counsels a client who just found out he has tuberculosis. The client decides he does not want treatment. He has the right to autonomy, confidentiality, and freedom of choice but his decision puts the community at risk. This example demonstrates an ethical dilemma that a community health nurse may face. She must decide if she wants to defend her individual patient or go against his wishes for the greater good of the public (CNA, 2006). There are a few challenges in the community health nursing field but th ey do not outweigh the successes. Community health nursing is expected to expand even further throughout the next several years. It may begin to include forensic nursing and disaster nursing. If current trends continue, those specific areas within the community may be in demand. Sexual assault and domestic violence has been on the rise and nurses have the potential to help the situation. These nurses would have to have very good assessment skills and be able to collect physical evidence from a victimà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s body. There have also been many disasters the past few years; such as, the terrorist attack on 911 and hurricane Katrina. Nurses will be needed in the future if similar situations arise (Stamler Yiu, 2005). I am interested in becoming a community health nurse. I do not want to work a high stress job in a hospital atmosphere. Important skills for a community health nurse to acquire are communication, teaching, and management (Hunt Zurek, 1997). I can communicate effectively to clients and show empathy when appropriate. I have very good time management skills as well as being organized. I can work in collaboration with others or independently. I think I am most interested in becoming a home health nurse or a public health nurse. I feel that I could assess a communityà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s needs and create a productive plan. I am looking forward to the reward of helping people from diverse populations. This paper has examined the various aspects of community health nursing. Community health nursing has progressed from religious and charitable organisations to many more career options being funded by the government. There are many opportunities for community health nurses. They may experience a variety of work environments and roles. The role of the nurse may be to prevent disease, promote healthy living, or take care of those who are sick in their homes. This specialty of nursing has progressed immensely since the 1600s and will most likely continue to advance into the future.

The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare :: The Taming of the Shrew Essays

In the late twentieth century, it is not unusual for audience members to come away from productions of The Taming of the Shrew with the impression that they have just witnessed the story of a dynamic woman turned into a Stepford wife.1 There are also Shakespearean critics who hold such views. G. I. Duthie, for instance, describes Katherina as a "spirited woman who is cowed into abject submission by the violence of an egregious bully" (147). John Fletcher's 1611 play The Woman's Prize, or the Tamer Tamed, in which Petruchio's second wife treats him as he had treated Kate,2 suggests that even during Shakespeare's lifetime the battle of the sexes within the play had become a battle of the critics outside it.3 Shakespearean scholars on the other side argue, as Charles Boyce does, that far from being a tale of domination, "the play's main plot concerns the development of character and of love in a particular sort of personality" (626). Boyce goes on to say that "The violence in The Shrew--except for the beatings of servants ... is limited to Katherina's own assaults on Bianca and Petruchio" (626). Nor is Boyce alone in his belief that Petruchio is physically kind to Kate; as Robert Speaight writes, "It is only to others that he is rough" (59). Much of the confusion comes from a simultaneous idealization of the twentieth century4 and denigration of the sixteenth, a glorification of the sensibilities of modern critics, directors, and audiences coupled with a condemnation of the "medieval" insensitivity of the playwright. For example, Jonathan Miller, director of the 1980 BBC Shrew, says, "Shakespeare is extolling the virtues of the obedient wife ... in accordance with the sixteenth-century belief that for the orderly running of society, some sort of sacrifice of personal freedom is necessary." He defends his position with an attack, arguing that "If we wish to make all plays from the past conform to our ideals ... we're simply rewriting all plays and turning them into modern ones," a practice he calls "historical suburbanism" (140). However, he is himself engaging in a procedure which might be called historical blurring, allowing certain historical trends to obscure individuals and their divergent opinions.5 No period can be correctly characterized as homogeneous, certainly not a time as tendentious as the Renaissance. To maintain that women's rights were not hotly debated by Shakespeare and his contemporaries is ignorance coupled with arrogance, and to fit the creator of Portia, Rosalind, and Viola into the company of male supremacists requires an adept mental contortionist.

Organization Evaluation

The organization that I will describe today is where I work, at Applause's. Here we have a vertical structure that consists of the owner, general manager, four managers, and all employees directly below them. The owner has complete control and say over everything that goes on in the restaurant. The general manager receives information on how to run and operate from the owner and relay that information down to the four members of management directly below him. Their Jobs are to collect information from the general manager and use that to complete their tasks and engage the employees under them.Each member of management has their own crew that they run, create schedules for, and help when problems arise. There is the kitchen manager who runs the kitchen crew and oversees the kitchen employees schedules, the food prep, and cleaning. There is also the bar manager who creates bartender schedules and training, as well as liquor costs and control. The staff manager creates schedules for the hosts and servers, controls the flow of the seating and dining experience, and ensures that the customers are happy.Finally the fourth anger is the assistant manager who can help out all managers with their duties and has basically the same responsibilities as the others but without a direct pool of employees. If business gets poor he will be able to assist every area of the restaurant. This form of organization varies from a horizontal structure because, although there are several managers on one level and all employees on one level, all employees report to a separate manager who resolves any issues, problems, or conflicts.There is no confusion as to who to report to and information is kept organized and accurate because there is only one person to report to. A horizontal structure in my company would have several managers for each section of the restaurant. There would be two or more kitchen managers, staff managers, bar managers and assistant managers. Although the assistant man ager helps out with everything in the restaurant, there is still only one manager for each area of the restaurant.Another form of organization would be a functional form of organization where the organizations â€Å"are specialized and grouped according to business unction's and the skills they require: production, marketing, human resources, research and development, finance, accounting, and so forth† (Bateman & Snell, 2011). The company I work for is similar to this form because all areas of the restaurant are separated into several areas where one person runs, maintains and regulates what goes on in that area.The only real downside of this type of organization is if it were in a very large company. Information and workloads may become too great for one person to handle. In this case, information can get lost and radioactivity can slow because of management becoming over worked. As the book states, â€Å"this type of structure may be most appropriate in smaller business se ttings and if the business becomes fragmented it may have difficulty bringing new products to customers and responding quickly to customer needs† (Bateman & Snell, 2011).I do not feel like the marketing department has anything to do with how the company's organizational structure because it is a chain restaurant. Therefore marketing is done at another location and does not interfere with how this branch is run. The name goes for the finance area, although they are pretty tight on the financial aspect so I feel like a vertical structure was chosen to save money. If they had a horizontal structure they would need to spend additional money on extra employees and or managers.Human resources' is also an area I feel is not affecting how the structure of our branch is run. However operations do affect how the structure is set up. Our shifts and workload is directly affected by the business that comes in. If there is a lot of business we will all have plenty of shifts and be able to w ork enough to make accessory money. If business gets poor enough all employees will be cut and management will take over and do our Jobs. I always hear the managers' talk about labor costs to sales and when sales are low people are asked to leave to save money.I think that by having a vertical structure the restaurant saves the most money because people and managers not only have one division of employees but are crossed trained in order to save money when needed. When looking at geographic, organizational, customer based, product, marketing channels, and personalization organizational design, these help determine which structure best suits the company I work for because we base the work we do (how much and for how long) entirely on sales and revenue that the company brings in.When you get into the human recourse and marketing area of the company the Jobs are stable and not reliant on sales. The organizational structure that we have is based off of customers. The larger part of the company would have maybe a horizontal structure when we get into marketing and there might be several managers controlling this rear because the demand for new food, advertisements, and ways to save money are a never-ending need which means that many brains are needed and that they will pay more people to work these Jobs which means the need creates the organizational structure of a horizontal structure.Because the actual restaurant is also customer based it means that based on sales, the structure is determined by the customer. If sales are high we can have more people on shift. If sales are low they have to ask people to leave and cut shifts so a vertical organization is ideal because each anger knows how to perform the employee tasks and can take over if necessary.Also by having a vertical organization the company is saving money on the restaurant level because they do not have to hire multiple people to do one Job. In the end the company I work for, on the restaurant level has a dopted a vertical form of organization which I feel is the best option because it saves money by adapting to a customer needs based environment. One manager monitors and controls many employees.