Theres a Boy in the Girls Bathroom free essay sample

He picks fights with the girls and the teachers say that he has serious behavior problems. No one ever dared to sit beside him, nor get near to his seat. Everyone was scared of him because of his very weird attitude. Then, Jeff Fishkin entered. He was a transferee from the capital of United States of America, the Washington D. C. he didn’t mind sitting beside Bradley. Maybe, he just doesn’t know who this big boy is, so he tried to be friends with Bradley. But it didn’t quite happened though. Chalkers don’t like having a friend. His only friends are his toys. After going to school, he always goes straight to this room to play with his little animal toy creatures. He has this brass lion that he found in the garbage can, an ivory donkey from Mexico, two owls that were once used as salt and pepper shakers, a glass unicorn with a broken horn and many others. We will write a custom essay sample on Theres a Boy in the Girls Bathroom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was his collection. He enjoyed playing with them and he relieves his school stress through playing with these animals. He was a big liar. He always tells lies to be safe from the scolding of his parents. His mother just doesn’t know what to do with his son. Bradley lied that he’s a very good student in their class, he receives many gold stars from his teachers and got some high grades from their exams. One day, Bradley’s mother was called by the teacher of Bradley, Mrs. Ebbel. The teacher said everything about Bradley’s behavior problem. Mrs. Ebbel suggested also that Bradley should have to see the guidance once a week. Mrs. Chalkers agreed and also promised to do her best to help the guidance counselor. Since he was a transferee, Jeff was also asked to meet the guidance counselor once a week for some counseling of being a new student. On his way to the guidance office for the first time, he was lost. He was so scared because the building was very big. Jeff decided to ask a teacher walking in the aisle. The teacher gave some directions, but he didn’t understand though. Thought that he was on the right room, he suddenly opened the door and was shocked to see that it was the girl’s comfort room. The girl inside the comfort screamed in shock, as so he was so he went fast to the other room, the guidance counselor. There she met the new guidance counselor, MS. Carla Davis. They chatted and Jeff loves it. He also confessed about what happened on his way to the office. They even talked about Bradley Chalkers and Jeff told everything about that boy. But, Ms. Davis, instead of being scared to the words said against Bradley, she became more interested to him. When they first met, she already knew that Bradley has some unique characteristics that are hidden, he was something special, it’s just that Bradley didn’t believe in his abilities and also scared of trying. He always says that as long as Bradley Chalkers was his name, he’ll never get a gold star. Bradley don’t want Jeff to have other friend instead of him so he was very angry everytime Jeff says â€Å"Hi! † to the girls. He wants to punch them. Coleen Verigold, she was the girl inside the girl’s bathroom when Jeff accidentally entered. She consulted the guidance counselor to ask for help on her birthday, who to invite. Ms. Davis, knew that Coleen had a crush on Jeff. Bradley Chalkers wanted to punch the girls because he was envious of Jeff. Jeff had so many friends in that short time while he hadn’t any. One time, they waited until the classes ended and asked for a fight. However, Bradley lost to the girls and went back home crying. Few weeks had passed and Jeff Fishkin found his new friends and decided not to go to Ms. Davis anymore since he had new friends already. But Bradley Chalkers started to like the new guidance counselor. Because of Ms. Davis, he made his first homework in his entire school life. He was very inspired that even his sister and his parents were all shocked. However, when he was about to pass the homework, he lost his nerves and decided to tore it into two. Miss Davis, instead of being mad at him, she was very proud of what he did and said that next time, he doesn’t have to tear it. Mrs. Ebbel asked for a book review on the class. Bradley was very worried because he had no book and the librarian didn’t allow him to borrow a book. The librarian was very mad at Bradley because he never returns books and even tearing it. Ms. Davis saw his determination and his willingness to do a book review so she decided to lend a book to Bradley. It was entitled, â€Å"My Parents Didn’t Steal an Elephant†. Since Bradley knew that it came from Ms. Davis, he always takes care of this book. From an outcast student, Bradley evolves. He started to communicate with his classmates and one time, he was even asked to join the group of Jeff to play basketball. His first attempt to shoot was a success. That’s the time when he got some new friends. But something just went wrong. At a parent’s meeting, Ms. Davis was assigned to leave the school in exchange of a computer. It was decided by all the parents including the parents of Coleen, who knew that their daughter was meeting the guidance counselor without the permission from them. She was very sad but she has to say it to Bradley early. When Bradley knew about this, he became so mad at Ms. Davis. He even tore the book that he once treasured. He was crying all the time because he was secretly alling in love with the guidance counselor. Ms. Davis was sad also, but she has to obey the office. She even asked Bradley to help her move all her things to the new school she will be assigned. But Bradley didn’t answer. Coleen only invited two boys on his party and some of the girls didn’t know about it. Bradley and Jeff were the two boys that were invited. Saturday morning , before the party, he will be having a haircut first. It was his first haircut on an actual barber shop because her mother was the one who cuts his hair since he was a child. After the haircut, he remembered Ms. Davis. He felt bad that he will not be seeing Ms. Davis anymore so for the last time, he wants to see her. Unfortunately, he was too late. Ms. Davis already left the school and only saw a letter and the book Bradley tore. He read it and became so very happy. It was his first time to attend a birthday party for a long time. Jeff asked him to do what Jeff will do. Bradley, at first, was clueless of what is happening but later he started to enjoy the party. They played games and had fun for the whole time. He even got the highest point and was asked to choose the prize and he chose a harmonica. ODD is a psychiatric disorder affecting behavior. Three characteristic of the child who has this disorder are aggression, defiance and the constant need to irritate others. These characteristics affect the behavior of the child in school or with other person. It will be a negative impact on their social and academic functioning. It was Bradley Chalkers’ behavioral problem as I have observed in the description of the main character and the flow of the story. Let’s discuss the characteristics and their connection to Bradley’s story. The child often loses his temper. Bradley’s one characteristic that made his classmates scared at him. â€Å"Give me a dollar or I’ll spit on you†, that was what he said to Jeff Fishkin when he was very annoyed. The child is defiant and doesn’t obey rules and routines. That’s why he was the oldest pupil in their section. He never did an assignment. He always wanted to sit at the last row. He never listened to the teacher and always scribbling his pen, taping the tip of it in the desk. The child argues often with adult and peers. It was very visible on Bradley. He always says that â€Å"Go call them†, â€Å"Go and ask them† and many more just to escape from yells. He tells lies about everything. He once said that he will be going to the zoo with her mother, which isn’t true, he also said that he always peek at the girls’ bathroom but the truth is he never entered nor peeked at that place. The child seems to go out of his/her way to annoy others in a very bothersome way. The girls don’t like Bradley. He’s very annoying. Mrs. Ebbel doesn’t like him because he never listened to her lessons or do homework. Jeff doesn’t like him because he felt that Bradley isn’t a true friend. The school librarian also hates him because he never returned the books he borrowed. The child is often lacking accountability and blames others for inappropriate behaviors. He hated his name; as long as Bradley Chalkers is his name, he’ll never get a gold star, was the words in his mind. He blamed his name but he just don’t know that he can do it, it’s just that he’s not trying. The child often seems angry, spiteful and vindictive. A monster, that is his name on school. No one wants to sit beside him. Coleen at first didn’t want to include Bradley in the birthday party. Just like the first characteristic, he always loses his temper that result in anger. It’s maybe because he’s clueless of the environment. It is quite the same with ADD or ADHD. The only difference in them is that people with ODD still have the ability to sit still and be silent in a corner. According to a psychiatrist, there is no specific cause of this disorder; however, they believe that it may be genetic combination, nurture or the environment he is surrounded or medical problems. In the case of Bradley Chalkers, I think it was the environment. Her parents and her only sister were normal and there is no indication of some major accidents that maybe the cause of the interference in his behavior. It’s just that he became an exile in his own environment. He is somewhat called as a loner, he don’t want any person sitting beside him or playing with him and even talk and yell with him. It’s also because he can’t have the time and the chance to communicate or socialize with other people because he don’t know what he’ll say and what he’ll do. He often annoys everyone when he is doing something. Example is the first birthday party he attended where he sat on the birthday cake. Since then, he doesn’t have the chance to go to another birthday party because he is now thinking what will happen if he goes there. Miss Carla Davis is a very good guidance counselor. I remember when she said these: â€Å"I listened to their problems, but I never tell them what to do. I try to help them to learn to think for themselves. I believe it’s more important to teach them how to think instead of what to think. If they did something bad, I don’t tell them it was wrong. It’s much better if they figure that out for themselves. † It was very good, that’s why Miss Davis became effective on the side of Bradley Chalkers. There are some best practices in the treatment of ODD. Develop consistent behavior expectations. He always allows Bradley to do whatever he wants. When he don’t want a certain topic to discuss, she never insisted it. When he tore his assignment, she became happy instead of being mad at Bradley. Communicate with parents so that the strategies are consistent at home and school. The parent’s consent is the most important thing when observing a child with this kind of disorder. In the story, Mrs. Chalkers was informed by the adviser as well as the guidance counselor so that they can help in the therapy not only in the school but also inside the house. Apply established consequences, immediately, fairly and consistently. Although this is not so obvious in the story, it was applied by Miss Davis through these words, â€Å"I never said to them what to do, because I want the students to learn what consequences are†. Establish a quiet cool off area. That’s why Miss Davis or any other school has their own guidance office and often isolated because of this. Distractions may affect the therapy. Teach self talk to relieve stress and anxiety. In this story, it was already used by Bradley. He lightens up his mood by talking to his toys and making scenes starring the animals. It is very effective because it can help to relax Bradley. Give praises for appropriate behavior and always provide a timely feedback. The praises of Ms. Davis to Bradley gave encouragement to the child that helped him to do the good thing and avoid the bad ones. Avoid confrontation and power struggles. A guidance counselor won’t allow his student to be mad everytime. You have to have the staying power to children with this kind of disorder since they were short-tempered and easily get mad. Patience is the best key for the therapy on the persons with this kind of behavior problem. Don’t always yell at them because it can affect their behavior to become worse, instead, give them understanding. Let them do what they want to do, but you have to explain their limitations, and the consequences that they may attain if they did something wrong. It is not only the job of the therapists but also the duty of the parents. The parents should help their child by giving them enough care, love and understanding inside their homes. With this joint help of the therapists and the parents, your child can be the next Bradley Chalkers, who was able to help himself to change his attitude and become a productive student and son of his teachers and his parents.

The Joys of Motherhood essays

The Joys of Motherhood essays In Buchi Emechetas The Joys of Motherhood novel, the main character, Nnu Ego shows what it means to be a woman and a mother in Nigerian society. Also, Emecheta explores the idea that women having the ability to bear children are the only way to define femininity and womanhood in the novel. However, The Joys of Motherhood plays two important roles to the women at that time. First, even though society is changing, some women are still maintaining the traditional roles, the customs and the values in the Lagos City. At the same time they defeated the standards of feminist theory. Secondly, the novel gives an understanding of some of the aspects of the feminist theory and encourages women to achieve social equality among men and women. However, men still dominated women during that time. Nnu Ego is one of the women who had been trying to be traditional in a modern urban setting (81). In The Joys of Motherhood, she plays many general roles - as a daughter, a wife, a mother, a woman, a worker and a senior wife. As a daughter of Nigerian Chief, Nwokocha Agbadi, Nnu Ego always listens to her fathers disposition and she never opposes him. Therefore, she agrees to marry the man whom her father has chosen for her. After she is married to her first husband, Amatokwu, she wants to be a good wife, which means that she is able to conceive a child with him. However, the first marriage failed because she did not bear him a son (49). In the traditional society, if the married woman is not able to bear children and offer her husband a son, she is considered a failure and has failed to fulfill her gender role as a wife. She will also bring disgrace not only to her husband but also to her father. Her first marriage, Nnu Ego has condemned herself as a failed woman. Later she married a man, Nanife, who works on the coast in a British colony. She is able to bear children with her second husb...

Use Windows Hooks in Delphi Applications

Use Windows Hooks in Delphi Applications Code submitted by Jens Borrisholt. Text by Zarko Gajic. By Jens: Hooks, I’ve seen a lot of people trying to make a clean solution for hooking messages in an application. So I decided some time ago to implement hooks as a class, with nice events and stuff :) Hook.pas makes it possible to assign a method pointer to a procedure pointer (with some help from assembler). For example: if you want to trap ALL keystrokes in your application - simply declare an instance of TKeyboardHook, assign an event handler for OnPreExecute or OnPostExecute, or both. Set you KeyboadHook active (KeyboardHook.Active : True) and you are out and running .. On Windows Hooks A hook is a point in the system message-handling mechanism where an application can install a subroutine to monitor the message traffic in the system and process certain types of messages before they reach the target window procedure. Put shortly, a hook is a function you can create as part of a dll or your application to monitor the goings on inside the Windows operating system. The idea is to write a function that is called every time a certain event in windows occurs - for example when a user presses a key on the keyboard or moves the mouse. For a more in depth introduction to hooks, take a look at What Windows hooks are and how to use them within a Delphi application. Hooking mechanism relies on Windows messages and callback functions. Types of Hooks For example:You can use the WH_KEYBOARD hook to monitor keyboard input posted to a message queue;You can use the WH_MOUSE hook to monitor mouse input posted to a message queue;You can a WH_SHELL hook procedure when the shell application is about to be activated and when a top-level window is created or destroyed. Hooks.pas TCBTHook - called before activating, creating, destroying, minimizing, maximizing, moving, or sizing a window; before completing a system command; before removing a mouse or keyboard event from the system message queue; before setting the input focus; or before synchronizing with the system message queue.TDebugHook - called before calling hook procedures associated with any other hook in the systemTGetMessageHook - enables an application to monitor messages about to be returned by the GetMessage or PeekMessage functionTJournalPlaybackHook - enables an application to insert messages into the system message queue.TJournalRecordHook - enables you to monitor and record input events (to record a sequence of mouse and keyboard events to play back later by using the WH_JOURNALPLAYBACK Hook).TKeyboardHook - enables an application to monitor message traffic for WM_KEYDOWN and WM_KEYUP messages.TMouseHook - enables you to monitor mouse messages about to be returned by the GetMessage or PeekMes sage function. TLowLevelKeyboardHook - enables you to monitor keyboard input events about to be posted in a thread input queue.TLowLevelMouseHook - enables you to monitor mouse input events about to be posted in a thread input queue. TKeyboardHook example Download hooks.pas demo application uses hooks, .... var   Ã‚  KeyboardHook: TKeyboardHook; .... //MainForms OnCreate event handler procedure TMainForm.FormCreate(Sender: TObject) ; begin   Ã‚  KeyboardHook : TKeyboardHook.Create;   Ã‚  KeyboardHook.OnPreExecute : KeyboardHookPREExecute;   Ã‚  KeyboardHook.Active : True; end; //handles KeyboardHooks OnPREExecute procedure TMainForm.KeyboardHookPREExecute(Hook: THook; var Hookmsg: THookMsg) ; var   Ã‚  Key: Word; begin   Ã‚  //Here you can choose if you want to return   Ã‚  //the key stroke to the application or not   Ã‚  Hookmsg.Result : IfThen(cbEatKeyStrokes.Checked, 1, 0) ;   Ã‚  Key : Hookmsg.WPARAM;   Ã‚  Caption : Char(key) ; end; Ready, set, hook :)

Weekly Activity 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Weekly Activity 5 - Essay Example However, Peter noted that he had experienced sexual harassment in the workplace. He noted that he had experienced harassment as they went for a bonding session to another country. He noted that one of the supervisors for the company he worked made some comments as of a sexual nature as they were discussing together. He also noted that the supervisor touched him in an inappropriate way. Peter noted that this affected productivity in the work as he was unable to concentrate thinking about the incident. He was also emotionally affected as he was a married man and felt it as a form of betrayal to wife. However, he managed to solve the issue with the supervisor by telling him to stop, or he will report to the relevant authority. The issue never occurred again after the truce. Shantel noted to have experienced sexual harassment. She said she received messages with sexual content from the manager. She noted that it affected, and she felt demoralized and intimidated to work in the company. The issue was handled by reporting the matter to the company chief executive officer, and the manager was warned of consequences. It has since stopped and they resolved to work together for the sake of company reputation. On the other hand, Monica also noted to have experienced sexual harassment. She noted that male sexual workers joked about her sexy body. She felt intimidated and sometimes depressed. She sometimes lost sleep at home thinking about the matter and was not willing to inform her husband. She reported the matter to the manager, and a warning letter was sent to those individuals involved in mockery. In conclusion, it is clear there is a difference in males and females as sexual harassment is concerned. In this discussion, females are more likely to be sexually harassed as compared to males. However, it is clear work productivity is affected significantly in both males and females. Therefore, sexual

Integrated Marketing Communications (Marketing Communications Essay

Integrated Marketing Communications (Marketing Communications Management, Copley) - Essay Example This is more like an effective communication with the target market. Sales promotion is a marketing communication tool specifically designed to provide consumers with some incentive inducing immediate response, possibly in the form of purchase. Sales promotion tools and techniques may include coupons, sampling, refunds and rebate, bonus packs, price off deals. For example Kellogg's may come up with a new brand of cereals. To encourage product trial, Kellogg may place a coupon in Kellogg's Corn Flakes. The crossruff coupon may encourage those who purchase and use Kellogg's Corn Flakes to try the new Kellogg brand. When we talk of sampling, Proctor and Gamble has always used sampling to get homemakers to try a new brand of detergent. They mail a sample to adult females in households across US. Sampling is very common with food items. A decade ago the advertising to sales promotion ratio was around 60:40, but today in many consumer packaged companies sales promotion accounts for 65 to 75 percent of the combined budget. Haagen Dazs ran a cents off sales promotion called Sweet Charity where the price savings would be contributed to support public television. This offer enhanced the Haagen Dazs image by making it "a patron of the art". Public relation is an important tool to maintain a positive image of the firm in the minds of the customers to enhance repeat patronage. The most common use of public relations tools to achieve goals of the habit formation strategy is publicity. Microsoft's campaign launching Windows 95 was an MPR success story. No paid ads for Windows 95 had appeared by August 24, 1995, the launch day. Yet everyone knew about it. The Wall Street Journal estimated about that 3000 headlines, 6852 stories, and over 300 million words were dedicated to Windows 95 from July 1st to August 24th. Microsoft team around the world executed attention-grabbing publicity. Another example of Wine Growers of California who had hired public relations firm of Daniel J. Edelman, Inc, to develop a publicity campaign to convince Americans that wine drinking is a pleasurable part of good living and to improve the image and market share of California wines. Direct Marketing Direct Marketing will be addressed as a marketing communication tool used in the form of direct forms of distribution. Direct mail, catalogs, telemarketing, direct response advertising, new electronic media and direct selling are one of the few examples. Citicorp, AT&T, IBM, Ford and American Airlines have used integrated direct marketing to build profitable relations with customers over the years. Retailers such as Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdales and Fredrick's of Hollywood regularly send out catalogs to supplement in store sales. Personal Selling Personal selling which is the face-to-face interaction with one ore more prospective purchasers for the purpose of making presentations, answering questions and procuring orders. Looking at this example we learn how John Deere used personal selling as means of selling its products. In 1993 when the dwindling demand for farm equipment and the aggressive actions of competitors pushed Deere's managers to create a strategy that involved its hourly assembly workers in finding and approaching prospects. Deere sent some of its experienced and knowledgeable workers to regional trade exhibits across North America to pitch the company's equipment to dealers and farmers. Once the new reps had wooed potential customers with

Paul Laurence Dunbar :: essays research papers fc

Paul Laurence Dunbar Outline Thesis: The major accomplishments of Paul Laurence Dunbar's life during 1872 to 1938 label him as being an American poet, short story writer, and novelist. I. Introduction II. American poet A. Literary English B. Dialect poet 1. "Oak and Ivy" 2. "Majors and Minors" 3. "Lyrics of Lowly Life" 4. "Lyrics of the Hearthside" 5. "Sympathy" III. Short story writer A. Folks from Dixie (1898) B. The Strength of Gideon and Other Stories (1900) C. The Heart of Happy Hollow (1904) IV. Novelist A. The Uncalled (1898) B. The Love of Landry (1900) C. The Fanatics (1901) D. The Sport of the Gods (1902) V. Conclusion Paul Laurence Dunbar attended grade schools and Central High School in Dayton, Ohio. He was editor of the High School Times and president of Philomathean Literary Society in his senior year. Despite Dunbar's growing reputation in the then small town of Dayton, writing jobs were closed to black applicants and the money to further his education was scarce. In 1891, Dunbar graduated from Central High School and was unable to find a decent job. Desperate for employment, he settled for a job as an elevator operator in the Callahan Building in Dayton. The major accomplishments of Paul Laurence Dunbar's life during 1872 to 1938 labeled him as an American poet. Dunbar had two poetic identities. He was first a Victorian poet writing in a comparatively formal style of literary English. Dunbar's other identity was that of the dialect poet, writing lighter, usually humorous or sentimental work not merely in the Negro dialect but in other varieties as well: Irish, once in German, but very frequently in the hoosier dialect of Indiana. There is good reason to assert, however, that the sources of Dunbar's dialect verse were in the real language of the people. The basic charge of this criticism can be stated in the words of a recent critic, Jean Wagner. Dunbar's dialect is, he says, "at best a secondhand instrument, irredeemably blemished by the degrading things imposed upon it by the enemies of the Black people" (Revell, Paul Laurence Dunbar, pg. 84). One of the most popular of Dunbar's dialect poems was and is "When Malindy Sings" which builds upon the natural ability of the race in song and is acknowledged to be Dunbar's tribute to his mother's spontaneous outbursts of singing as she worked in the kitchen. The message of the poem is of praise for simplicity of spirit and the love of God. Another of Dunbar's superb poems is entitled "Sympathy", written in 1895: I know what the caged bird feels, alas! When the sun is bright on the upland slopes; When the wind stirs soft through

Does Holding the Olympic Games Have Benefits for the Host Country?

AGRUMENTATIVE ESSAY Does holding the Olympic Games have benefits for the host country? In recent years, the Olympic Games have developed into one of the most significant mega-international sporting events (Roche,2000). More and more cities are bidding to host the Olympics and increasingly money are invested in Olympic bids, which is due to the reason that the government believe that they could get benefits from such an event. During the proceeding of the 2012 London Olympic Games, amount of people in the world have been brought into focus on Olympic Games.It is such a big event, holding it successfully will improve one country’s reputation and get more attention around the world. Does holding the Olympic Games have benefits for the host country? It might be said that hosting Olympic Games has some financial risks because of its exceeding budgets. Countries invest huge number of money on sports facilities, which could result in the over-needed of infrastructure. However, there are many reasons why a country should organize Olympic Games.The first reason why holding Olympic Games have benefits for the host country is that, from the economic point of view, increase the income of revenue. Because of the influx of people who come from all around the world, the needs of consumption will dramatically rise. As a result, it is contributed to the output of factory, which is benefit to the whole market. What’s more, Olympic Games attract numbers of merchants to the host country to look for the business opportunities. Their investment in the market will stimulate the growth of economic.Rose and Spiegel (2009) suggests that the rate of trade is increased 30% for those host countries, which ‘realize an economic benefit in the form of greater openness. ’ Furthermore, during the proceeding of the Olympics, large numbers of foreigners will come to the hosts to visit. Bolton (2004) states that the percentage of tourists is increased to 150% in the 1992 Barcelona Games, with the Spanish government’s effort to stimulate the tourism. They are the potential consumer groups which could promote the local economy. This will stimulate some tourism-relative ndustries (hotels restaurants and shops) to develop. Although it is sometimes claimed that these numbers of tourists tend to be temporary, it must be acknowledged that the host country could become a popular tourist destination. In addition, employment is another great benefit to the host countries. Holding Olympics will create some full-time jobs because of the investment in infrastructure. For example, in Atlanta, the host city of the 1996 Olympic Games, the government invest about $2 billion to Olympic-related projects, which is leading to over 580 000 new jobs to this region between 1991 and 1997. Steven and Bevan, 1999) suggests that the Olympic Games were stimulating economic growth up to $5. 1 billion between 1991 and 1997. During the period of games, Barcelona, the host city of the 1992 Olympic Games, the general percentage of unemployment drop from 18. 4% to 9. 6% (Brunet, 1995). The second reason why holding the Olympics Games have benefits for the host country is that infrastructure such as transportation and sports facilities will get improved during the Games. To guarantee a successful Olympics, government should invest into infrastructure, such as improve the public’s transportation and sports facilities.Firstly, the Olympics have promoted the urban development and have an impact on the landscape and urban environment. In Tokyo, the host city of 1964 Olympics games, a new road and highway network was constructed to meet the short-term demands of the Games and to accommodate the city’s continued population and traffic increase in the long-term. Chalkley and Essex (2010) points out a total of 22 main highways were designed for the Games, huge amount of money were spent on land acquisition, compensation and providing alternative si tes for the activities displaced.In addition, the development of infrastructure is not directly related to the leisure facilities, commercial and open spaces, it also involves improve the appearance of the host city. Secondly, the staging of Olympics often contains build the new sporting facilities or restructure the exiting ones. It is often claimed that those facilities have failed to produce a long-term benefits to the country; some of the sports venues often become unused after the Olympics is finished. However, this ignores the fact that the whole society will get beneficial from infrastructural investment and environmental improvement.The London 2012 Olympic Games have made a dedicated plan for the usage of facilities before the facilities is built. For example, after the games, the Olympics Village will become a new community housing. The new shopping centre, which is separated from the Olympic Park, will become an employment centre of this area. Transportation will get impro ved through the construct of new stations, line extensions and additional trains and a largest urban park will build available for both local community and for elite athletes (Olympic Delivery Authority, 2007).The final reason why holding the Olympics Games have benefits for the host country is that it will help to improve the host country‘s image. For the host country, it’s not just a competition about sports; it's a chance to improve their international prominence and a sense of national pride. Firstly, it is contribute to transforming the image of the host city. In order to amplify the effect of Olympics Games, it is necessary to rely on the function of media. During the Games, the worldwide TV audience watched a cumulative 36. 1 billion hours of sport (IOC, 2001).This is one of the most effective ways to improve a nation’s image and attract tourists. For example, in 1996, during the 17 days of the Centennial Olympic Games, it has been reported that 3. 5 billi on people saw the city on worldwide television coverage in 214 countries and territories and about two million people visited Atlanta, as a result, the tourist industry of the region increased dramatically (Steven and Bevan, 1999). It seems clear that a successful mega-event can enhance cities’ reputations through the global media coverage.Prior to the 1992 Olympics, Barcelona was only a large city in Spain, but it is now a famous destination which attracts numbers of tourists to visit. Furthermore, holding this mega-international sporting event could attract the public’s interest to take part in sporting activities, and also increase local pride and community spirit, which could make a significant contribution to the quality of life of both the individual and community. For example, there is a remarkable increase in Barcelona in the participation of sports activities in the years following the hosting of the Olympic Games.There has been an increase of 46 000 new users in the city’s sports centres following the 1992 Games, with the percentage of women participating in sporting activities increasing from 35% in 1989 to 45% in 1995. Moreover, in 1994, more than 300 000 people took part in sporting events which involved the city’s inhabitants on the streets of Barcelona, such as athletic competitions, popular marathon, the bicycle festival and the roller-skating festival (Truno, 1995).In conclusion, it is clear from the weight of evidence that holding Olympic Games have benefits in economic growth, infrastructure improvement and image promotion for the host country. However, there are still some aspects should get the government’s attention. For example, in order to handle with the financially risks such as the increasing rate of over-budget, the international Olympic Committee, together with local Olympic organisers should make the capital budget table precisely.Moreover, the post-event facility usage should be considered befor e the infrastructure is built, which is avoid to become a burden to the long-term economy. Only in this way can the host country get maximise economics benefits. Bibliography: Bolton, L. (2004) Despite Lackluster Ticket Sales, Can Greece Be a Big Winner in This Year’s Olympics? [Online] Available at: http://knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu/article. cfm? articleid=1026 [Accessed 24/08/12]. Brunet, F. (1995) An economic analysis of the Barcelona '92 Olympic Games: resources, financing and impact, in Moragas, D.M. & Botella, M. (eds). The Keys of success: the social, sporting, economic and communications impact of Barcelona ‘92. Bellaterra: Servei de Pulbication de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Chalkley, B. & Essex, S (1999) Urban development through hosting international events: a history of the Olympic Games. Planning Perspectives 14(4), pp. 369-394. International Olympic Committee (2001) Sydney 2000 Olympic Games; Global Television Report. UK: Olympic Television R esearch Centre Sports Marketing Surveys LtdRoche, M. (2000) Mega-Events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture. London: Routledge. 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